Advantage And Challenges Of Cloud Computing - 1010 Words

Advantage and Challenges of Cloud Computing Background The evolution of Information Technology is inevitable, not only on the telecommunication and networking industry, but, it is also gaining more popularity in the business industry by way of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and rapidly making its move towards the accounting and auditing industry through Data Analytics Software, however, as the IT innovation continues and the concern of capacity and storage progress, and the demand for expansion and accessibility, brings in cloud computing and big data analytics. As the business industry grow after the financial crisis, companies examine opportunities for operational cost reduction and lower the risk of technology infrastructure becoming obsolete. Obviously integrating business functions to more highly technical and sophisticated system is cost effective, however the damage caused by security and privacy risk can be very costly as well. Guillot (2013) indicated that nowadays the inexpensive, effective and efficient business fu nctions was owed to the evolving technology, but technology also makes the fraud easy to facilitate and engineer by perpetrators who can commit fraud anywhere and anytime as the internet, mobile devices, computers and the cloud are used to conduct business (p.43). Guillot quoted Steve Mar, director of IT statement â€Å"It’s not that fraud has changed, it’s that technology has made it easier† (p.43). Purpose of Research and Research Question TheShow MoreRelatedThe Future Of Cloud Computing1705 Words   |  7 Pageshistory of Cloud computing, the main trends within Cloud computing, the advantages and disadvantages of Cloud computing and the future of Cloud computing. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1.0 The history of Cloud Computing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2.0 The main trends within Cloud Computing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3.0 The advantages of Cloud Computing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4.0 The disadvantages of Cloud Computing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5Read MoreHow Cloud Computing Can Be Employed By Business And Organizations Around The World1172 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Cloud computing has become a major topic of discussion and debate for any business or organization which relies on technology. Anyone connected to the Internet is probably using some type of cloud computing on a regular basis. Whether they are using Google’s Gmail, organizing photos on an Apple iPhone’s photo steam or searching the Web with Bing they are engaged in cloud computing. The interesting thing about cloud computing is it did not start as a technology for the business enterpriseRead MoreCloud Computing Risks Business Adoption925 Words   |  4 Pagesdown-times for small business using cloud computing. The research on the articles used helped to apply Bloom’s Taxonomy for knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. It was very exciting to find scholarly articles on the subject of the current research. The hardest part is developing an organized system that flows easily with life’s current priorities. Summary of Articles Review Qasim, H., Abu-Shanab, E. (2014). Cloud Computing Risks Business Adoption. InternationalRead MoreCloud Computing Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesof the clouds. Cloud computing is thus the latest technology in both the technological sector and the business sector. It refers to Cloud computing for example, provides an online platform upon which individuals and businesses can store and retrieve their information effectively when connected to the internet. It thus saves on the costs that could have otherwise been used for the purchase of additional storage devices. There is no worries of how the online documents will open up because cloud computingRead MoreThe Security Issues Of Cloud Computing And The Current Efforts Of The Research Community Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract—The field of cloud computing has grown in popularity over the years with big software giants like Amazon, Microsoft and Google providing their own offerings. Some of features which make the cloud so attractive is the fact that it provides rapid elastically and easy scalability. Even though cloud adoption has been quite rapid, many of the business are reluctant to move to the cloud owing to the security and privacy concerns associated with the cloud. In this survey paper, we explore someRead MoreA Study On A Cloud Deployment Model1726 Words   |  7 Pages 3.3 Deployment Models A cloud deployment model [5] speaks to a particular sort of cloud environment, fundamentally recognized by possession, size, and access. There are four common cloud deployment models: †¢ Public cloud †¢ Community cloud †¢ Private cloud †¢ Hybrid cloud 3.3.1 Public Clouds A public cloud is a freely available cloud environment possessed by a third-party cloud provider. The IT resources on public clouds are generally offered to cloud buyers at an expense or by means of differentRead MoreAbstract- In The Age Of Large Data And The Large Number999 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract- In the age of large data and the large number of users around the world, cloud computing has emerged as a new era of computing. Cloud consists of a datacenter which in turn consists of several physical machines. Each machine is shared by many users and virtual machines are used to use these physical machines. With a large number of datacenters and each datacenter having a large number of physical machines. The VM allocation becomes an NP-Hard problem. Thus, the VM allocation, the VM migrationRead MoreCloud Computing : A New Paradigm Of Large Scale Distributed Computing1494 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Cloud Computing is a new paradigm of large-scale distributed computing which is rapidly becoming one of the hottest topic among business organisations (Pallis, 2010), and represents a fundamental change in the way of Information Technology (IT) services are invented, developed, deployed, scaled, updated, maintained and paid for (Martson et al, 2011). On one hand, use of computing is already a common strategy for organisation when running business, since the per-unit cost of computing is continuouslyRead MoreThe Adoption Of Cloud AIS1734 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The adoption of cloud based accounting information system in business I. Introduction Accounting information system is playing an important role in the business operation, and the cloud computing has a great impact on the revolution of accounting information system. This research paper aims to discuss the new trend of cloud based accounting information system in business. The whole text is divided into three parts: First part gives an overview of the cloud computing and accounting information system;Read MoreSecurity Issue On Hybrid Cloud Computing1702 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity issue’s in Hybrid Cloud Computing Ashok Babu, Karis kari1a@cmich.edu Research in Information Systems College of Business Administration, Department of Business Information Systems Central Michigan University Abstract: Cloud computing is one of the most popular Technology In terms of Data storage and sharing remotely. In my research proposal, I will examine some of the security challenges while using hybrid cloud in Information Technology and how to overcome these security

The Issue Of Domestic Violence Homicides Or Gun Surrender...

B. Interview format: In an attempt to better understand the barriers in getting perpetrators to surrender their guns, and the possible solution in remedying them, I conducted interviews with different members of the King County community. The goal of these interviews was to generate information regarding the experiences of DV victims, and their advocates as well as law enforcement agencies on the issue of gun surrendering. Interviews were done primarily in person with the attorneys, and primarily over the phone with the DV advocates. Due to the political sensitivity of this issue, the majority of the interviewees have requested to remain anonymous. C. Interview Questions: The following questions guided each interview: Background: 1. Can you tell us a bit about the work you currently do, and how it is related to the issue of domestic violence homicides or gun surrender laws? a. How long have you been working in this capacity? b. In which County has most of your work been in? c. How often do you work with clients that are the victims of Domestic Violence? 2. Did any of your clients have a judge order their perpetrators to surrender their weapons, and if so, can you tell me about an instance where this has happened? Recent Policy Changes and their impact: 3. Washington enacted a law in 2014 that mirrors federal law by prohibiting gun possession by anyone subject to a protective order. The protective order must have been issued after a noticed hearingShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : A Serious And Grave Social Concern1844 Words   |  8 PagesDomestic violence is a serious and grave social concern. Domestic violence essentially affects everyone. It is not merely a personal or private problem in families. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, a woman is beaten every 15 seconds somewhere in the United States. (www.bjs.gov). According to the AARDVARC 960,000 incidents of violence against a current or former spouse, boyfriend, or girlfriend each year to 4 million women who are physically abused by their husbands or live-in partners

Communication & Society for Digital Protest- myassignmenthelp

Question: Heres How Facebook Actually Won Trump the Presidency. Answer: Brief description on the ways through which the social Media has changed politics Social media is referred to as one of the most effective tools that is widely used by the social media users for different usage. It has been found that, in the current days, the Social Media platform is being widely using by different users including the learners, teachers and also even by the politicians for political campaigning (Patru? Patru?, 2014). In traditional days the politicians had to travel from one location to another location to share the political vision and mission. Though, it was time taking but at the same time the voters used to get a chance to meet the nominated or selected candidate for the election. The candidates used to arrange stage meeting where they share their views about the current situation of the countries and about expectation what they are thinking to bring after their party will come to the power. The tradition is available in the current days also but at the same time social media is being started using widely by the politicians to raise their voice without violence (Loader, et al., 2015). After analyzing the social media political campaign it can be said that this platform should be used by the parliament, parliamentarians, governments and political parties as well to involve the citizen over a platform for making discriminated public policies and for forming governments as well. However, all the political groups are required to develop proper strategies to serve the requirements accurately. Discussion on how the social media was effectively used to influence political relations in terms of organizing a campaign The role of social media in politics and eventually within the political parties is growing rapidly. During the selection of president of United States in the year of 2016, the online campaign was widely used by the political parties especially Facebook and Twitter (Harris Harrigan, 2015). It has been found that in the year of 2016, during the presidential campaigning an American Business person, an author and a television personality launched the famous political personality Donald Trump in the New York City. Trump was nominated from the Republican for the United Sates President. According to Donald Trump social media like Facebook and Twitter are the most powerful weapons for political campaigning even though he also said that social media helped him a lot to become the 45th President of United States rater social media strategy is referred to as a key component for the victory. In order to get result from the social media campaigning, the presidential election leverages the power and reach. However, just before the start of the presidential election, Donald Trump stops using the Social media platform for political campaigning. At a certain stage of political campaigning, certain remarks from the opponents were sounded; those were quite controversial in nature thus that time Donald Trump stop got support from the US voters, though from the point of view of the voters, the campaign that had been arranged by the political party of Donald Trump was very much attractive. In order to gain competitive advantages from the political platform, Donald Trump was bound to use proper campaigning to attract the consumers. He founder of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg was strictly against the usage of Social media as a platform for political campaigning and he tried hard to convince the voters to not to use the Facebook and twitter for this purpose. However, according to the digital director of the President-elect Donald Trump stated Facebook as a social media giant, as it was extensively used by the voters and politicians for influencing the voters against the opponents (Harder, Sevenans Van Aelst, 2017). The social media platform for the online fund rising purposes helped the president to generate campaign of $250. Explanation on how social media technology influenced politics In traditional days there were many aspects those were not possible during the political campaigning however with the social media platform those become possible likewise. This particular approach was missing on the traditional polling and political campaigns. Like any other start up business the political campaigns also become more powerful after the incorporation of social media network (Tess, 2013). From the number of followers, likes and dislikes in the web pages before the announcement of the final results the political parties will get to know about their current status and popularity among the voters. If they found the opponents stronger then additional changes are needed to be incorporated by them for their promotion (Bonilla Rosa, 2015). Not only this but also different conditional feedback were also gained from the social media platform during the age of the president selection campaigning. In addition to this, many advertising agents were also gained measurable profit dur ing the campaigning phase. From this news most of the traditional advertising companies converted themselves as the digital advertisers. Discussion on personal learning experience from a case study I have selected another case study HERE'S HOW FACEBOOK ACTUALLY WON TRUMP THE PRESIDENCY, to understand the role of social media that helps the Donald trump to become the President of United States (Lapowsky et al., 2017). Though, Mark Zuckerberg tried to convince the Facebook users to make them understand that, Facebook had no nefarious impact in the election. However, Donald Trump stated that the social media giant was very much influential in the voting process. From the recent history of political campaigns it has been defined that, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter are very much helpful for both political promotions and business purposes. I have realized that, in politics the social media has a powerful impact throughout including continuous scope development and actors broadening. It helps to incorporate new age of Political stages discovering new manners, valuable tools, options and disclosure as well. I think, in this platform, there is no chance of violence it me ans that the working environment will never be misbalanced. Even, regardless of time and location of the voters they will be able to share their opinions to others (Yamamoto, Kushin, Dalisay, 2015). I have also learned that, the efficiency of political disclosures get enhances exponentially and reach to the highest level of success for attaining the preliminarily decided goal. I felt that in addition to this, it also helps to guide the users through the channels due to the presence of the large span and other inaccessible areas as well. The relationship between the candidates and the voters grow up gradually, through the help of the social media networking sites like Facebook, Twitter etc. This particular case study is based upon the power of Social media in political Campaigning. As the political campaigning is not at all dependent on the info communication hierarchy thus, question centers of the voters could be cleared much easily. The ideas generated from the previous campaigns implies that, for the promotion of the election cycle social media is very much helpful because it does not take any extra budget and regardless of time and location of the voters their views could be shown by the nominees and all other political parties. Even the nominated political party becomes able to gather money from the social media campaigning. The social media helped to modernize the traditional political campaign approaches with different kinds of enormous sample sizes. Discussion on the ways through which social media has shaped politics and the political outcomes as well With the help of the advanced technology the rates of the political movements through the social media have been developed completely and also the trans-nationalization is also being maximized a lot (Loader et al., 2015). The involvements of the local citizens are also increasing after the incorporation of the social media platform to the traditional political campaigning approaches. Even for electronic marketing also the digital movement also the social media is widely used by the politician and all other political parties also. In traditional time it was not possible for the candidates to visit all the necessary locations but I have understand that after the involvement of the social media with politics massive transformation has taken place. The digital movement and the digital inspiring are very much helpful from both the business and voters point of views. References Bonilla, Y., Rosa, J. (2015). Ferguson: Digital protest, hashtag ethnography, and the racial politics of social media in the United States.American Ethnologist,42(1), 4-17. Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research.Information, Communication Society,18(5), 524-538. Harder, R. A., Sevenans, J., Van Aelst, P. (2017). Intermedia Agenda Setting in the Social Media Age: How Traditional Players Dominate the News Agenda in Election Times.The International Journal of Press/Politics, 1940161217704969. Harris, L., Harrigan, P. (2015). Social Media in Politics: The Ultimate Voter Engagement Tool or Simply an Echo Chamber?.Journal of Political Marketing,14(3), 251-283. Kavada, A. (2015). Creating the collective: social media, the Occupy Movement and its constitution as a collective actor.Information, Communication Society,18(8), 872-886. Lapowsky, I., Lapowsky, I., Griffith, E., D#x27;Orio, W., Simonite, T., Finley, K., Simonite, T. and Finley, K. (2017). This Is How Facebook Actually Won Trump the Presidency. [online] WIRED. Available at: https://www.wired.com/2016/11/facebook-won-trump-election-not-just-fake-news/ [Accessed 17 Oct. 2017]. Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., Xenos, M. A. (2014). The networked young citizen: social media, political participation and civic engagement. Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., Xenos, M. A., Steel, H., Burgum, S. (2015). Campus politics, student societies and social media.The Sociological Review,63(4), 820-839. Patru?, B., Patru?, M. (Eds.). (2014).Social media in politics: case studies on the political power of social media(Vol. 13). Springer. Savrasova, T. (2017). social networks and their role in development of civic activity of the ukrainian youth. Tess, P. A. (2013). The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual)A literature review.Computers in Human Behavior,29(5), A60-A68. Wolfsfeld, G., Segev, E., Sheafer, T. (2013). Social media and the Arab Spring: Politics comes first.The International Journal of Press/Politics,18(2), 115-137. Yamamoto, M., Kushin, M. J., Dalisay, F. (2015). Social media and mobiles as political mobilization forces for young adults: Examining the moderating role of online political expression in political participation.New Media Society,17(6), 880-898.

Non-disclosure Insurance and Good Faith free essay sample

Non-disclosure covers a situation where insured party failed to disclose the material facts, even if he may not be asked directly. This fact is known by the insured, and insurance company will not know at the point of accepting the insurance coverage. Under English law, all parties to an insurance contract are to act in uberrimae fidei (utmost good faith). Insured must disclose all material facts (ie: subject matters that will affect an underwriter decision whether to accept the risk), even it’s not specifically asked. Otherwise the policy is void or voidable. And in our case, BH knew about the previous claims matter and did not inform PIC about it. Which this is a material fact that would influence the underwriter judgment in proposing the premium and determining the risk. The objective test clearly shows that the knowledge of past claims history of insurer is important for underwriter assessment. Hence, it gave rise to effect of distorting the true information. We will write a custom essay sample on Non-disclosure: Insurance and Good Faith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The effect to non-disclosure is that PIC has the right to void the contract and refuse claims under it. The General rule to Duty to Disclose is found in Woolcott v Sun Alliance and London Insurance Ltd. Misrepresentation by the insured†¦ avoiding the contract. It is usually considered less important than the doctrine of non-disclosure and has often been subsumed by it as a result. Nevertheless, it is different from non-disclosure as misrepresentation focuses on the untruth of statements made by the insured whereas non-disclosure deals with the insured’s silence. It is usual for the insurer to plead both grounds of avoidance since the duty to answer questions correctly on a proposal form is also part of the insured’s duty of good faith. ( www. SingaporeLaw. sg Misrepresentation Act) Insurance law said it’s the duty of the insurer to answer question or provide information honestly and carefully. The misquoted on the worker wages is a clearly a misrepresentation. The false statement of fact PIC evidently relied on BH’s statement; result in wrong judgment which gives rise to the doctrine of misrepresentation. Even if BH had been negligent, did not check, it is still a misrepresentation. See: Redgrave v Hurd (1881) 20 Ch D 1;Quah Poh Hoe Peter v Probo Pacific Leasing Pte Ltd [1993] 1 SLR 14). It‘s arguable that BH false statement fall under a negligent misrepresentation, innocent misrepresentation or fraudulent misrepresentation. Negligent Misrepresentation arise when the false statement is made by representor without due care. It’s a false statement made without fraudulent intention, where in our case it’s for BH to prove that the wrongly declared wages is a careless mistakes, which he would have check the documents and not relying on figures ie: if figures are prepared by a junior clerk. See: Howard Marine Dredging v Ogden Sons (1978) Innocent Misrepresentation arises when the representor made the false statement without fraud and without fault. BH may have made the false declaration thinking that he has reasonable grounds to believe in its truth. It’s for BH to assert the declared wages is a unfortunate human error ie: typo error instead of $800,000. 00 was type written as $80,000. 000. BH would have opportunity check but instead of relying the representation is true. See: Redgrave v Hurd (1881) In view that question mentioned BH had inadvertently misquote, hence it’s unlikely to be a fraudulent misrepresentation (= tort of deceit). Where representor made untrue statement deliberately, and lies on the info provided. See: Derry v Peek (1889) In misrepresentation, the laws aim to put the insurance company back in the position as though it would have been had been informed with full information. ie: If the insurer would have charged more, the claim should be reduced proportionately to the under-payment of premium. PIC has the option to rescind the contract because of BH false statement, by communicating his intention to BH clearly and unequivocal. Once rescinded, it’s final the contract is voidable. And this brings PIC back to the original positions, as if it never exists