Discussing Issues Relating to Oceanography Assignment

Discussing Issues Relating to Oceanography - Assignment Example A substance melts when its molecules move apart and have a â€Å"wider range† of motion than is possible in the solid state (Yong and Wai 197). During boiling or conversion from liquid to vapor state, energy is not only required for overcoming the attractive forces between molecules but also for expanding the vapor against the atmospheric pressure. The energy required for this process is called latent heat of vaporization. In this case, too, the kinetic energy of the molecules remains constant. Latent heat of melting only breaks down a few bonds between molecules while latent heat of fusion breaks down all the bonds. Moreover, during vaporization, the molecules are reorganized more vigorously than during melting. Therefore, the latent heat of vaporization is greater than the latent heat of fusion. For example, the latent heat of melting of ice (6.0Ãâ€"103 Jmol-1) is only 15% of the latent heat of vaporization (Adkins 79). This is because of the strong intermolecular forces between water molecules. Water molecules are polar because of charge separation between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, where oxygen atoms are partially negative and hydrogen atoms are partially positive. Because of the presence of positive and negative poles, each water molecule bonds with other water molecules. This leads to strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The boiling point and the freezing/melting point of water are higher than that of other compounds of similar makeup, such as H2S, H2Te and H2Se, because larger amounts of heat are required to overcome the strong hydrogen bonds in water compared to other compounds where hydrogen bonds are absent. Thus, the freezing point of water (which is equal to the melting point) is 100 ºC higher than expected and the boiling point is 200 ºC higher than expected (Spencer, Bodner, and Rickard 333).

Fundamentals of Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fundamentals of Finance - Case Study Example '10000000. As far as the decision taken by the Swindon Plc is taken in to consideration, it is applying MACRS (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System) depreciation is taken in to fact. "Four factors are necessary to determine cost recovery deductions under the MACRS procedure. These are (1) class life, (2) depreciable basis after credit reduction, (3) acquisition year assumption, and (4) recovery method." (The Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) - Basic Rules. 2001). It is necessary to taken in to consider that the property or asset class lives should be less than the actual life of the asset, so that the salvage value of such assets should be zero. Cost segregation and accelerated depreciation is essential for the effective implementation of investment decision. Like wise, it is necessary to increase the cash flows of an organization. While calculating the MACRS depreciation, salvage value is not as much effective in any other system for depreciation. If a particular property is utilizing for a period of five years or more then the depreciation rate should be calculated in accordance with this manner- First year-20%; Second year-32%; Third year-19.20%; Fourth and fifth year-11.52%; Last year or sixth year- 5.76%. So, by using this method, during the last or sixth year, the value of the specific asset so depreciated will be zero. (Salzmann 2007). In any organization, its structure is taking in to fact; there is a finance department, which is playing a prominent role, because finance is the life blood of any business activity. The basic and most fundamental financial activities are preparation of Balance sheet, Income statement, analysis of shareholders equity and cash flow, tools for profit analysis, preparation of capital and cash budget. Rate of Depreciation of Swindon Plc under MACRS Method. YEAR MACRS % Applicable 1 20% 2 32% 3 19.20% 4 11.52% 5 11.52% 6(Final Year) 5.76% In this particular case, the total purchase price of Drill and platform is '10000000; and this platform can be sold for '3.5M. i.e. '3500000 within a period of five years. Then, thereafter, Swindon plc bought a new platform costs '14M i.e. '14000000 with an addition of '1M i.e. '1000000 as installation charges. The latest platform should also have an estimated life of five years. But Swindon decided to undertake the sales of the latest platform after five years, at a cost of '4M i.e. '4000000. The Overall Summary of Drill and Platform of Swindon Plc. Particulars A) Cost of existing platform.Total selling price after 5years. Amount (in ') '10000000 '3500000 B) Cost of new drill and platform.Add: Installation charges. Total cost of Drill&Platform. Total selling price of new platform and drill. '14000000 '1000000 C) '15000000 '4000000. Cash flow analysis is an important tool with the finance manager for ascertaining the changes in balance of cash in hand and cash at bank. Cash flow statement analyses the reasons for changes in balance of cash in hand or at bank between two accounting period. Moreover, it shows the inflows and outflows of cash, practically, sources and applications of cash. Cash generating efficiency is a fact used while preparing the cash flow statement.

State And Evaluate Aristotles Function Philosophy Essay

State And Evaluate Aristotles Function Philosophy Essay In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle claims that to discover the human good we must identify the function of a human being. I will first explain this idea of Aristotles known as the function argument. He argues that the human function is rational activity. Our good is therefore rational activity performed well, which Aristotle takes to mean in accordance with virtue. I will then evaluate how Aristotles function argument has a great degree of relevance to Platos perception of happiness in the Republic. After Socrates tries to establish that the just life is the happiest and best, Plato Aristotles function argument is defined in book one of his book Nimoachean Ethics. The purpose of the book is to discover the human good, identified as happiness, at which we ought to aim in life. Aristotle tells us that everyone refers to this eudaimonia (happiness), but that people disagree about what it consists in (1.4 1095b). In 1.6, Aristotle suggests that we might arrive at a clearer conception of happiness if we first determine the ergon (function) of a human being (1.7 1097b). The explanation for this line of inquiry is that for all things that have a function or activity, the good and the well is thought to reside in the function (1.6 1097b). He presents the example of a flute player in the book to explain what he means by the function resides within the object conducting the activity. In order for one to be a flute player, one must know how to play the flute. Similarly, for one to be happy, happiness must exist within oneself. He also acknowledges that the human is a varia tion of the function, because the function of any task is absolute and perfect within itself. This concept can be further clarified using the example of the flute, there is an absolute and perfect way to play the flute, one of which we are incapable, therefore we play a slightly altered way, but it is still similar enough to its function form that we still consider the activity as playing the flute. The argument that follows establishes that human function is an active life of the element that has a rational principle (1.7 1098a). By this Aristotle means every action has a purpose for the sake of which others are done (1.7 1098a). The flute is played to create music, medicine is practiced to cure, and like this, every task has its purpose. Therefore, happiness is the activity of the rational part of the soul and in accordance with virtue (1.7 1098a). Any function that has a rational principle must therefore be a rational part of the soul, and because we live life seeking to find hap piness, happiness is a rational part of the soul making it a virtue. Aristotle defines virtue as a balance point between a deficiency and an excess of a trait. The point of greatest virtue lies not in the exact middle, but at a golden mean which is sometimes closer to one extreme than the other. For example, courage is the mean between cowardice and foolhardiness, confidence the mean between self-deprecation and vanity, and generosity the mean between miserliness and extravagance. Finding the golden mean requires common-sense, not necessarily high intelligence. Aristotle views virtue as an excellence at being human, a skill that helps a person survive, thrive, form meaningful relationships, and find happiness (CITATION). He also states that virtues are initially difficult, but become easier with practice and eventually become habit. Aristotles function argument, is a descendant of one offered by Plato at the end of the  ¬Ã‚ rst book of the Republic (Republic 352d-354b). Socrates tries establish that the just life is happiest and best, and he argues as follows. First of all, each thing has a function, which is what one can do only or best with that thing (R 352e). Furthermore, everything that has a function has a virtue, which enables it to perform its function well (R 352b-c). The function of the soul is taking care of things, ruling, deliberating, and the like, since these are activities you could not perform with anything except your soul. A few lines later Socrates also proposes that living is a function of the soul (R 353d). Since the soul only performs its function well if it has the virtue associated with its function, a good soul rules, takes care of things, and in general lives well, while a bad soul does all this badly (R 353e). Since earlier arguments have supposedly established that justice is the virtue of the soul, Plato concludes that the just soul lives well, and therefore is blessed and happy, while an unjust one lives badly and so is wretched. Both versions of the argument seem to depend on a connection between being a good person and having a good or happy life, and their aim is to connect both of these in turn to rationality. Aristotles version of the argument in particular has provoked a great deal of criticism, some of which I describe in the next section. In this essay, I offer an account of what Aristotle means by function and what the human function is, drawing on Aristotles metaphysical and psychological writings. I then reconstruct Aristotles argument in terms of the results. My purpose is to defend the function argument, and to show that when it is properly understood, it is possible to answer many of the objections that have been raised to it. For reasons I will explain below, I think it is essential to make good sense of the function argument, because the theoretical structure of the Nicomachean Ethics collapses without it. Part of the defense is conditional, and shows only that if one held Aristotles metaphysical beliefs, the function argument would seem as natural and obvious as it clearly seemed to him. But part of it is intended to be unconditional, and to show that, gien certain assumptions about reason and virtue, which, if not obvious, are certainly not crazy, the function argument is a good way to approach the question how to live well. The major differences that can be seen between these two arguments are seen when we examine the goals of both Plato and Aristotle. Plato has two main goals behind his argument, the first is to refute the position that injustice is better than justice. Secondly, his human function argument helps to set up the idea of his model cities, in which each person has a function and the city is virtuous when everyone performs their own function. Aristotle is examining happiness as the ultimate end and is searching for ways to get to that end. Thus, by proving that this good is found in the expression of reason, Aristotle is able to prescribe a path to happiness. If one fulfills ones function, expression of reason, and does so in an excellent manner, one will necessarily attain happiness. Another way in which the two arguments differ is on their actual conceptualization of what the human function is. For Plato, the human function is defined as deliberation, ruling, living and taking care of things. This differs greatly from Aristotle idea of the human function which is, to perform activities that express reason. Not only are these two definitions very different, but they illustrate the chasm between the ways that each philosopher is thinking of the concept of a human function. Plato thinks of it in terms of the persons place in society. His ideas of ruling, deliberatingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc pertain to the community in which one lives, and ones relation to it. Aristotle approaches the problem from a much more individualistic point of view. Expressing reason in ones action does not have anything to do with a relationship with other people or a community, but relates only to the individual. In conclusion, the biggest difference between Platos argument and Aristotles is their conceptualization of the concept of the human function. Also, their goals are vastly different. Plato uses his argument to refute those who would argue that injustice is beneficial and to set up his model city, in which virtue for the city is derived from each person fulfilling their function. Aristotle, on the other hand, uses his argument to directly set up a method for achieving the ultimate good.

The Western World in the Eighteen and Ninteen Hundreds :: Nature Religion American History Essays

The Western World in the Eighteen and Ninteen Hundreds Nature underwent an incredible alteration in the way in which it was viewed by man in the Western World in the eighteen and nineteen hundreds. Venturing onto the banks of their land of promise, the first immigrants to America’s northeast shores found a trackless expanse which, instead of filling them with hope and promise for their newly won future, brought about trepidation and fear of that most ominous of adversaries: the unknown. The untamed wilderness was a frightening proposition to early settlers who were forced to reconsider their hasty renunciation of the rules and structure of civilized society. So as human beings are want to do, they imported their religious intolerance and chronic need to dominate and subjugate nature with them. As life inside the colonies became increasingly structured and illusionary of safety, the Wild outside became correspondingly malevolent as it impinged upon their cozy order and stasis. Religion continued unimpeded as the corn erstone of the colonists’ beliefs and actions, and its message was successfully used to amplify and solidify their unhealthy fear of nature. Powerful religious figures like Jonathan Edwards used the image of a wilderness analogous to Hell to strengthen worldly renunciation and recognition of the need for man to conquer his surroundings. With time the concept of nature and man’s relationship to it would continue to evolve, but it was not until the visionary philosophy of John Muir in the mid 1900s that the place of nature in religion would be completely turned on its head. By comparing the differences in doctrine set forth by Edwards and Muir, it can be seen how philosophical views of nature came full-circle in early America. In the 1800s, Christianity was a dominating influence over daily life in the New World. The majority of the population lived each day mindful of how their actions in this life would affect their placement in the next. Anticipation of Heaven and fear of Hell were very real governing factors on peoples’ behavior, and religious leaders of the time played off of this elevated degree of suggestibility and exploited the ever prevalent fear of the unknown in their preaching. Stories depicting the woods as a rendezvous point for sinners and the Devil were customary, even among the more secular of writers.

Influence of Fast Food on Children

â€Å"You are what you eat†, is a well known saying. Its message really means that if you eat healthy foods, you are most likely to be healthy. The good and healthy foods which include fresh fruits, green vegetables, fibre rich grains, pulses etc are considered old fashioned. Kids and teenagers today are opting for a greasy burger and a bag of fries, with a soda included to complete the meal. It is the age of fast-food. Eating fast-food means instant gratification. And eating fast-food much of the time can seriously injure the health of anybody, especially growing children and teenagers. Everywhere they are lamenting that obesity is on the rise, especially amongst children. Blame it on salt or sugar. Call it the fast-food disaster, but a meal at a fast-food restaurant could expose a child to unnaturally high levels of salt. The daily recommended dosage of salt is no more than 6gm per day for an adult and 3gm per day for a child. Studies have shown that Fast-Food meals can easily contain four times that amount of salt for a child. Moreover, these fast-food meals are extremely high in calories. Eat a small amount and you will be packing on the pounds rapidly. Besides, an excess of salt in the body can send children’s blood pressure soaring, thereby putting them at the risk of both stroke and heart disease. The consequences of bad eating are many. From skin problems to obesity, poor digestion, an inability to think clearly, a general lack of energy, constant mood swings and blood sugar inconsistencies. The excess sugar in the fast foods leads to diabetes in children. I have a personal experience related to this. One of my classmates in IV std had bad eating habits. His lunch box was almost always packed with burgers, fried chicken or French fries. Added to this he was always seen drinking colas. Due to this he was overweight and physically inactive. Unfortunately, during the same year he was diagnosed as diabetic. Doctors placed all the diet restrictions for him and medications to take for the remaining life. It was a sad thing to happen at such a young age. My advice to all of the young friends, please cultivate a habit to consume Good Food which includes fresh fruits, green vegetables, milk, fibre rich grains, pulses, fish etc to be healthy and fit. Thank You

Lord of The Flies Web Quest

Tibia Insulaechorab How the conch's used & its significance o The leader will be chosen every Sunday so that everyone will be able to experience how to be a leader o There will be a conch ceremony while changing the group leader. The leader will wear the conch with its chain all week long. o The conch will be used by the leader to gather everyone, to quieten the group and to let somebody speak. o The conch symbolizes leadership and authority. The person who has it is different from the others. The leader with his conch has to organize all the stuff related to the island and people. MAP OF THE ISLAND Ways to get food & water * A group of 3 or 4 people will be fishing three times a week. The fisher group will be changed every week after the conch ceremony so that just one group of people won't be fed up with fishing during the life on island. Also, fishing group will be responsible for getting other types of seafood. * Water will be kept in holes which are covered with leaves and rocks -so that the water won't be absorbed- Purification tablets may be used . * The food will be cooked on fire made by using a magnifying glass. * Other kinds of food will be fruits and vegetables.(if possible) The fisher group will be responsible for hunting for the rest of the days (3-4 days per a week) Tools needed to build shelters A poncho Rope Stakes Knife The rules and rights of everyone & The consequences for breaking the rules * Everyone has to keep in mind that the person who doesn't respect somebody is not respected. * Whatever the leader says must be done * Everybody must do some work. All the members of the island has to participate in the life om island * If someone breaks one of the rules, he/she will be expelled from the group. So she/he has to survive on her/his own. * Signal fire must be kept burning all the time. * The person who looks after the fire must observe what goes around the island.